【VOL.158】ヴォーリズ建築を見て感じたこと
3回目の登場ですが、宜しく御願いします。
昨年末、近江八幡を廻ってきました。近江八幡といえばご存知の方もいらっしゃると思いますが、八幡堀は時代劇ロケ地としてもよく使われていますし、江戸情緒の残る町並みも残り、水郷めぐりなども有名な場所です。
加えて知られているのはW.M.ヴォーリズの存在です。一般の方はメンソレータム(現メンターム)の近江兄弟社の創始者の一人という方が馴染み深いかもしれません。またヴォーリズは近江八幡市の名誉市民第1号でもあり、銅像もありました。
ヴォーリズといえば近江八幡を拠点として日本全国に数多くの建築を建てた建築家であり、実業家です。そのヴォーリズが設計した建物が集中して見られるのが近江八幡。市内で現在残されている建物は24棟あり、今でも実際に使われている建物が多く、内部を一般公開されているものは少ないのですが、100年近く前に建ったものも残っています。(外観のみの見学がほとんど)
ヴォーリズのデザインは基本的にシンプルな洋風でありながら、日本の気候風土に合わせ考えられた空間、耐久性や風通し、日当りなどもよく考え設計していたことでも知られています。ヴォーリズ自身「建物の風格は、人間の人格と同じく、その外見よりもむしろ内容にある」と語り、また「建築家は日常生活のために使用する快適で健康を守るに良い、能率的な建物を熱心に求めている建築主の意を汲む奉仕者となるべきである」という精神により、多くの建物が現在も現役として使われ、残されていることはわたしたちも見倣うべき点だと思います。
中には老朽化が進み、メンテナンスが必要なものも見受けられましたが、壊すのではなく修復したり、転用したりするなどしてヴォーリズ建築を後世に残して行こうという姿勢が町全体からは伝わってきました。
たねやさんの近江八幡日牟禮ヴィレッジのクラブハリエでは特別室としてヴォーリズが手がけた旧忠田邸を補修改築したお部屋でお茶できます。(要予約ですが、唯一、内部空間を堪能できます)
結局、時間の関係もあり、24棟あるうちの20棟見て回りました。見学できなかった建物もあったので次回来る機会に見学したいと思っています。
ここ数年で国交省もフローから良質なストックへと政策の舵を切り始めた一方で、平成20年度の調査によれば現在の日本の総世帯数は約5000万世帯、総住宅数は約5760万戸で空き家率は全国平均13.1%、中でも山梨県は20%を超える空き家率という結果でした。空き家率の低い地域でも10%台で1割を超える住宅は空いていることになっています。既に日本にはストックとしての住宅は多く存在し、活かしきれていない状況にあることはこれでわかると思います。更にこの傾向は増加すると見られています。
従って今後良質なストック社会を築き上げて行くために現在のストックをどう活用できるか考えて行くことが求められます。しかし現実とは裏腹に昨年、施行された長期優良住宅法も現行法規も新築を基準とした法体系となっている点においてまだ不十分であり、現状では初期性能を担保した住宅であって現段階における性能を満たした新築住宅ができただけに留まってしまいます。前述したように今の状況では住宅は単体としての価値は生まれにくい状況にあるし、性能が良くてもその性能自体の評価基準は時代とともに変化するもので、性能自体は劣化していくものなのです。結果的に性能を重視し過ぎた住宅はフローとなる可能性も秘めているため今後の課題でしょう。
自分が設計した建物が一つの風景をつくるキッカケとなってくれればと思いながら、今回はこの辺にて終わりにしたいと思います。
次回はアトリエMアーキテクツの松永 務さんです。
コメント

Column
- VOL.223 森業のすゝめ 2016.05.26
(2016/05/26 三原 栄一) - VOL.222 建築条件付き土地の設計とは。。。
(2015/09/06 松永 務) - VOL.221 空き家問題を考える
(2015/03/29 鈴木 友則) - VOL.220 企画型住宅:シンプルな木と漆喰の家『1.5階建て住宅』大屋根の農家の家
(2014/10/21 市川 均) - VOL.219 新企画第4弾!!《 こんなプランはいかがでしょうかプラン集 》
(2014/10/06 藤田 修功)
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